Australia. Guide to Australia

‘island’

The ancestors of the tribes, which is now called Aboriginal, began to settle in Australia for at least 40 000 лет назад, and possibly, even 100 000 лет наyears ago spread over much of the continent, and penetrated to the o.Tasmaniyu.

Their main occupations were collecting edible plants, Hunting and Fishing. The number of Aboriginal people is estimated in various ways - from 300 Thd. before 1,2 Million. person. Trepang traders from the islands of Indonesia, regularly visited the northern coast of Australia before the foundation of the first European settlement on this continent in the 1788, but it is unknown, When traders began sailing mentioned.

Read the rest of this entry »

Arthur Phillip was the first governor of the colony. For health reasons he had to return to England in 1792, and over the next three years, two time Governor, John Hunter and Phillip King Gidle, alternately tried to control the colony with the squad, enrolled in England and known as the Corps Novoyuzhnouelssky.

The successor of the governor was William Bligh, whose name became known in connection with the mutiny on the ship "Bounty". Bligh tried to put in the colony and naval discipline came into conflict with the, who sought to extract personal gain from the existing difficulties in the colony.

Drawing on the rich and influential colonists, Corps Commander Major General George Novoyuzhnouelsskogo Johnston dismissed and arrested Bligh. Johnston was convicted by a military court for taking part in this "rum revolution", and in 1809 Governor was appointed Colonel Lachlan Macquarie.

Read the rest of this entry »

Professional organizations in Australia have the 1850s, when the Association of Builders began agitating for an 8-hour day. However, unions began to exert great influence on the policy after 1890. By this time the miners, Sailors, dockers and sheep shearer were united in unions. After unsuccessful strikes 1890-1892 strengthened the advocates of political action. At this time the Labour Party was formed.

Working movement of 1890-1930s advocated immigration restriction, especially from Asia and Pacific Islands; the termination of activity of enterprises with sweatshops; the introduction of systems for the control of wages and arbitration; old-age pensions.

Read the rest of this entry »